Silesia

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flag of silesia coat of arms
Location
Map Prussia-Silesia
Administration
Country: German Empire
State: Prussia
Province: Silesia
German name: Schlesien
Capital: Breslau
Basic statistics
Area: 40,319.2 km²
Population: 4,868,764 (1939)
Time zone: UTC+1 (MEZ)
Website: http://www.schlesien-lm.de

Silesia (German: Schlesien; Latin: Silesia; Silesian: Ślůnsk) is a historical region in central Europe. It is located in the eastern of Germany and was a prussian province (1742 – 1945). In 1945, all of Silesia was occupied by the Soviet Red Army. Thereby the most of the German people had fled or were murdered.

Contents

Geography

Silesia is located along the upper and middle Oder River, upper Vistula River, and along the Sudeten mountains and the Carpathian Mountains. The capital city is Breslau.

Silesia has three parts: district of Liegnitz, district of Breslau, district of Oppeln (between 1919 and 1938 the district Oppeln was called 'Oberschlesien').

The highest point of Silesia is the Schneekoppe - located in the Sudeten mountains.

Administrative regions of Silesia

Silesia is divided in 3 administrative regions ( Regierungsbezirk):

These administrative regions consist of the following administrative districts:

  • Liegnitz
    • Urban districts: Görlitz, Liegnitz
    • Rural districts: Bolkenhain, Bunzlau, Freystadt, Glogau, Goldberg-Haynau, Görlitz, Grünberg, Hirschberg, Hoyerswerda, Jauer, Landeshut, Lauban, Liegnitz , Löwenberg, Lüben, Rothenburg, Sagan, Schönau, Sprottau
  • Breslau
    • Urban districts: Breslau, Brieg und Schweidnitz
    • Rural districts: Breslau, Brieg, Frankenstein, Glatz, Groß Wartenberg, Guhrau, Habelschwerdt, Militsch, Münsterberg, Namslau, Neumarkt, Neurode, Nimptsch, Öls, Ohlau, Reichenbach, Schweidnitz, Steinau, Strehlen, Striegau, Trebnitz, Waldenburg, Wohlau)
  • Oppeln
    • Urban districts: Beuthen, Gleiwitz, Kattowitz, Königshütte, Oppeln, Ratibor
    • Rural districts: Beuthen, Cosel, Falkenberg, Gleiwitz, Groß Strehlitz, Grottkau, Hindenburg, Kattowitz, Königshütte, Kreuzburg, Leobschütz, Lublinitz, Neisse, Neustadt, Oppeln, Pleß, Ratibor, Rosenberg, Rybnik, Tarnowitz

Administrative region of Breslau, 1914:

Administrative region of Breslau, 1914


















Cities

The largest cities of Silesia (Population of 1939):

Name Population
Breslau 630,041
Kattowitz 127,044 (1931)
Hindenburg 126,211
Gleiwitz 117,323
Königshütte 102,349 (1931)
Beuthen 100,891
Görlitz 93,823
Liegnitz 83,701
Waldenburg 64,072
Oppeln 52,992
Ratibor 50,000

Other Cities are: Brieg, Bunzlau, Cosel, Frankenstein, Glatz, Glogau, Groß-Strehlitz, Grünberg, Goldberg, Hirschberg, Leobschütz, Neiße, Schweidnitz, Trebnitz

History

Some important history facts of silesia:

Silesia: Coats of arms as Prussian province
Maps
Prussia in the German Empire 1871-1918
Silesia as prussian province within the German Empire 1905
Dates Events
300 BC - 350 AD The Vandals - a Germanic people - locate between the Oder River and the Netze. The Silingers - a part of the Vandals - gives Silesia its name.
around the common era Marbod, the king of Marcomanni, creates the first Germanic empire which includes Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia.
1163 AD Silesia comes to the German-minded sons Ladislaus II. Silesia get more and more German people.
1201-1238 AD Silesia is German in language, culture and colony.
1335 Silesia is part of the Bohemian monarchy.
24 August 1335 King Kasimir III. of Poland forgo of Silesia for ever and ever (agreement of Trentschin)
1526 Silesia is part of the Habsburg empire.
1742 King Friedrich II. claims Silesia - Silesia is become part of the Prussia monarchy.
1813 Silesia is the start point of the liberation war against Napoleon.
14.10.1919 Upper silesia become an own province.
1919-1921 Polish military tries to occupy the east upper silesia. German Freikorps (corps of volunteers) can force back the polish interlopers.
20.03.1921 Two thirds of the Silesia people votes for Germany.
May 1921 Against the voting the Polish military occupies the Annaberg in Upper Silesia. The German Freikorps can force back the polish interlopers again.
1922 Upper Silesia is split in a German part and a Polish part. A fateful mistake gainst for the European history. A contravention against the public voting and a crime against the German people and the public law.
1938 - 1941 Upper and Lower Silesia were merged to a single province again.
1945 After the World War II. Silesia comes to Poland for further administration. A peace treaty for Germany will manage the future of this beautiful country - Silesia.

Famous people

There are many famous people who were born in Silesia:

Gallery

First map of Silesia (1561)

City hall of Breslau, Germany between ca. 1890 and ca. 1900. View from the east.

Krummhuebel, Church of Wang (german: Kirche Wang) between 1890 and 1905.

Postcard of the market square in the city of Oppeln in 1904.

Hotel "Haus Oberschlesien" (transl.: Upper Silesia House) in Gleiwitz, Upper Silesia, Germany, 1928

Other websites


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